morphometric analysis of drainage basin using gis

Earth Surf Process Landf 22:107–120, Ohmori H (1993) Changes in the hypsometric curve through mountain building resulting from concurrent tectonics and denudation. The present study aims at using the remote sensing and GIS technology to compute various parameters of morphometric characteristics of the Kanhar River watershed. Morphometric analysis of yesagaon drainage basin using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) @article{Payal2020MorphometricAO, title={Morphometric analysis of yesagaon drainage basin using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS)}, author={SD Payal and AS Kadale and … Detailed morphometric study of all sub-watersheds shows dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage patterns, which thus indicate homogenous lithology and variations of values of Rb among the sub-watersheds attributed to difference in topography and geometric development. Higher slope is identified in southern part of the Kanhar basin where it originates. A pour point is a user-supplied point to the cells of highest flow accumulation (Magesh et al. Then the morphometric parame- Thus, determination of stream networks’ behaviour and their interrelation with each other is of great importance in many water resources studies. The denuded hillocks form watersheds for the Kanhar river and its tributaries. It initially flows north forming the boundary with Garhwa district in Palamu division of Jharkhand. Well-delineated drainage basin boundaries are a critical factor in numerous natural re - sources studies such as flood assessment, water-usage, basin protection, 2010). Vimal Prakashan, Varanasi, Singh S (1992) Quantitative geomorphology of the drainage basin. - 188.166.230.38. The stream length is a measure of the hydrological characteristics of the bedrock and the drainage extent. Automatic extraction of Streams through ASTER data. Bonfring Int J Ind Eng Manag Sci 2(1):32–35, Magesh NS, Jitheshlal KV, Chandrasekar N, Jini KV (2012b) GIS based morphometric evaluation of Chimmini and Mupily watersheds, parts of Western Ghats, Thrissur District, Kerala. The low relief indicates that the northern area under Kanhar basin is flat to gentle slope type. The value of form factor would always be greater than 0.78 for perfectly circular basin. 3). GIS lndia 4(11):9–14, Oguchi T (1997) Drainage density and relative relief in humid steep mountains with frequent slope failure. Triangular irregular network (a), drainage density (b) and DTM from different angles for perspective views are shown in the Fig. Keywords: Morphometric, Elongation ratio, Form fa ctor, Shape factor, Circularity ratio 1. Unconformity 10. Pre-Cambrian 11. Earth Surf Process Landform 24:799–808, John Wilson JS, Chandrasekar N, Magesh NS (2012) Morphometric analysis of major Sub Watersheds in Aiyar & Karai Pottanar Basin, Central Tamil Nadu, India using Remote Sensing & GIS Techniques. Extraction of Kanhar River basin boundary through ASTER data. This exercise is divided into the following sections: Section One: Introduction Elongation ratio (Re) value of Kanhar basin is 0.48. GIS-based evaluation using Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data has given a precise, fast, and an inexpensive way for analysing hydrological systems (Smith and Sandwell 2003; Grohmann 2004). The drainage density values of the Kanhar basin have values below five revealing that the subsurface area is permeable, a characteristic feature of coarse drainage. The stream orders are classified up to seventh orders in the Kanhar basin. Int J Geomat Geosci 2(2):403–414, Shreve RW (1969) Stream lengths and basin areas in topologically random channel networks. 2013. The region is characterized by dominance of very high absolute relief, moderate drainage frequency, moderately high relative relief, low dissection index, coarse drainage density and moderate slope. The SRTM Digital Elevation Model has been widely used in drainage basin analysis. The morphometric analysis is done successfully through measurement of linear, aerial, relief, gradient of channel network and contributing ground slope of the basin (Nautiyal 1994; Nag and Chakraborty, 2003; Magesh et al. 2010). As per Horton’s law (1945) of stream numbers, “the number of streams of different orders in a given drainage basin tends closely to approximate as inverse geometric series of which the first term is unity and the ratio is the bifurcation ratio”. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 31(1):25–35, Nautiyal MD (1994) Morphometric analysis of a drainage basin, district Dehradun, Uttar Pradesh. Further, quantitative morphometric analysis of drainage networks is considered the key approach for understanding the hydro-morphological processes acting over drainage basins. In: Proceedings of the Int. Bonfring Int J Ind Eng Manag Sci 2(special issue 1):8–15, Kelson KI, Wells SG (1989) Geologic influences on fluvial hydrology and bedload transport in small mountainous watersheds, northern New Mexico, USA. The remote sensing technique is the convenient method for morphometric analysis as the satellite images provide a synoptic view of a large area and is very useful in the analysis of drainage basin morphometry. Correspondence to It has been sub divided into six second-order morpho-units, namely Hathwani upland, Kanhar-Malia confluence, Gularia plain, Vinrhamganj upland, Dudhi upland and Baghmandwa upland. Various hydrological phenomena can be correlated with the physiographic characteristics of an drainage basin such as size, shape, slope of the drainage area, drainage density, size and length of the contributories, etc. Horton’s law (1945) of stream length points out that mean stream length segments of each of the successive orders of a basin tends to approximate a direct geometric series with stream length increasing towards higher order of streams. Geophys Res Lett 30(9):20–21, Sreedevi PD, Subrahmanyam K, Shakeel A (2005) The significance of morphometric analysis for obtaining groundwater potential zones in a structurally controlled terrain. 2011). This is in consonance with the latest developments and researches as cited above. Besides, the quantitative analysis of drainage system is an important aspect of characteristic of watershed (Strahler 1964). Oxford University Press, New York, p 50, Burrough PA, McDonnell RA (1998) Principles of geographical information systems. Older Alluvium 5. The values of stream frequency indicate that all the sub-basins show +ve correlation with increasing stream population with respect to increasing drainage density. Smaller the value of form factor, more elongated will be the basin. Methuen, London, Clarke JI (1996) Morphometry from Maps. 2. 2011). This is mainly due to the diversity of slope and relief pattern of the basin. 6d; Table 3). Mean relief ratio of each sub-watershed of Kanhar basin is shown in the Table 8. According to this law, the number of streams counted for each order is plotted on logarithmic scale on the y axis against order on arithmetic scale on the x axis. 2013). The highest value of atmospheric pressure, in the study area, is noted in the month of January (1,023.2 mb) and lowest in the month of June (1,003.3 mb). Morphometric analysis using remote sensing and GIS techniques have been well demonstrated by some of the Geographical information system (GIS) has emerged as an efficient tool in delineation of drainage pattern and ground water potential and its planning. The aspect of a slope can make very significant influences on its local climate because the sun’s rays are in the west at the hottest time of day in the afternoon, and so in most cases a west-facing slope will be warmer than sheltered east-facing slope. The systematic process required for the automatic extraction of the basin/watershed is shown in Fig. Vindhyan Supergroup 12. doi:10.1007/s13201-013-0095-0, Mahadevaswamy G, Nagaraju D, Siddalingamurthy S, Lakshmamma MSL, Nagesh PC, Rao K (2011) Morphometric analysis of Nanjangud taluk, Mysore District, Karnataka, India, using GIS Techniques. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 33(4):531–539, Chorley RJ, Schumm SA, Sugden DE (1984) Geomorphology. The Kanhar River (23°12′N to 24°272′N and 83°2′E to 84°1′E) is an important tributary of the River Son. A widely acknowledged principle of morphometry is that drainage basin morphology reflects various geological and geomorphological processes over time, as indicated by various morphometric studies (Horton 1945; Strahler 1952, 1964; Muller 1968; Shreve 1969; Evans 1972, 1984; Chorley et al. These techniques are found relevant for the extraction of river basin and its drainage … Schumm (1963) also stated that it is a dimensionless height-length ratio equal to the tangent of angle formed by two planes intersecting at the mouth of the basin, one representing the horizontal and other passing through the highest point of the basin. The Kanhar originates at Gidha-Dhodha on the Khudia plateau in Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh. 13,987 stream line including Kanhar River is recognized in the whole basin, out of which 68.13 % (9,541) is 1st order, 23 % (3,337) 2nd order, 6.11 % (856) 3rd order, 1.45 % (204) 4th order, 0.27 % (39) 5th order, 0.064 % (9) 6th order and 0.007 % comprises 7th order stream (1). Part of Springer Nature. Higher values of elongation ratio show high infiltration capacity and low runoff, whereas lower Re values which are characterized by high susceptibility to erosion and sediment load The database obtains through analysis of morphometric parameters would be suggested for its proper utilization in the integrated watershed programme aimed at development and management of water resources of the Kanhar River basin by the ministry of water resources, New Delhi (India) in future. In general, the area is plateau type with gentle slope towards North. The aspect map of Kanhar basin is shown in Fig. The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data have been used for drainage morphometric analysis and evaluating various morphometric parameters Linear aspect, Aerial aspect Relief aspect. 2013). Highest Kanhar Divide (above 1,050 m): this area lies in the south-western part of Kanhar basin, where a series of flat topped and in pointed hillocks of different size are found. It is inferred that the Kanhar River falls under seventh-order basin. The output of this method is a basis for creating a stream/drainage network grid with stream order based on Strahler 1964. A slope map of the study area is calculated based on ASTER DEM data using the spatial analysis tool in ARC GIS-9.3. Thereafter, it flows for about 100 kilometres (62 miles) through Surguja district of Chhattisgarh. The study areas are Asa River Basin and Oyun River Basin. Low drainage density leads to coarse drainage texture while high drainage density leads to fine drainage texture, high runoff and erosion potential of the basin area. The general budget, 2014–2015 passed in the Lok Sabha on 10th of July 2014 also promises for proper management of different water resources of the country. The parameters were given to make the digital data base for drainage map of the stream basin are river number, river … ITC J 4(3):252–259, Magesh NS, Chandrasekar N, Soundranayagam JP (2011) Morphometric evaluation of Papanasam and Manimuthar watersheds, parts of Western Ghats, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India: a GIS approach. De Silva1 Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture University of Peradeniya Sri Lanka ABSTRACT: Basin morphometry is a means of mathematically quantifying different aspects of a drainage basin. The highest stream order (7th), i.e., for Kanhar River has a length of 113.38 km. The used approaches in this study include a comprehensive morphometric analysis that can be applied for any drainage system elsewhere. In: Chow VT (ed) Handbook of applied hydrology. and Pandey, A., Prioritization of Shakkar River catchment through Morphometric Analysis using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. Appl Water Sci:1–11. A number of waterfalls are located along the track of the river. pp 98–116, Gayen S, Bhunia GS, Shi PK (2013) Morphometric analysis of Kangshabati-Darkeswar Interfluves area in West Bengal, India using ASTER DEM and GIS techniques. 2004). The lower Kanhar basin lies in the northern part of the basin covering an area of about 1,476.99 km2 (23.65 %). The degree of slope in Kanhar watershed varies from <2.7° to >72.37° (Fig. GIS is a powerful tool for the analysis rel ating to watershed morphometric parameters. To evaluate the drainage basin morphometry, various parameters like stream number, stream order, stream length, stream length ratio, bifurcation ratio, basin length, basin area, relief ratio, elongation ratio, drainage density, stream frequency, form factor and circulatory ratio, etc., have been analysed using the standard mathematical formulae given in Table 1. Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, Zurich., v 1. The GIS based morphometric analysis of these River Basins revealed that both the Asa River Basin and Oyun River Basins are fourth order basins which indicates their drainage pattern to be mainly dendritic type thereby showing homogeneity in texture and less of structural control. Praveen Kumar Rai. Higher density (3.23) is identified for Thema River sub-watershed whereas low drainage density (1.18) is calculated for Suria River sub-watershed (Table 9). Appl Water Sci 7, 217–232 (2017). Lower Kanhar plain (less than 250 m): it is the lowest area being drained by Lauwa, Kanhar, Hathinala and small tributaries of Kanhar River. Limestone, shales and conglomerates are found mixed with sedimentary rocks are met in the area. Hard &compact sandstone 16. The work has been carried out through SRTM DEM of 90 m resolution and analyzed using GIS software. The Rb for the Kanhar basin varies from 2.86 to 9 (Table 2). The region is characterized by dominance of moderate absolute relief and drainage frequency, low relative relief and dissection index, moderately fine drainage density and moderate slope. For detail morphometric analysis of the Reju Khal drainage basin at first the sixth order basins are delineated from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generated from SRTM data. 2013). The Upper Kanhar basin lies in the southern part of basin covering an area of about 1,499.57 km2 (24.01 %). Keywords: Morphometric analysis; GIS; SRTM data; Parbati river basin; Discharge Introduction The drainage basin is the fundamental unit in fluvial geomorphology within which the relationships between landforms and the processes that modify them have been studied. Geol Soc Am Bull 67:597–646, Schumm SA (1963) Sinuosity of alluvial rivers in the great plains. In the Kanhar basin, the higher values of Rb indicate a strong structural control in the drainage pattern whereas the lower values indicate that the sub-basins are less affected by structural disturbances (Strahler 1964; Vittala et al. J Mt Sci 10(1):731–741, Evans IS (1972) General geomorphometry, derivatives of altitude, and descriptive statistics. Different sub-watershed of Kanhar River basin is shown in the Fig. The different morphometric parameters have been determined as shown in the Table 1. The morphometric parameters of Kanhar River basin have been calculated and the results are given in the Table 2. Geol Geosci 2(4):1–10, Gottschalk LC (1964) Reservoir sedimentation in handbook of applied hydrology. Miller (1953) stated circularity ratio is the ratio of the area of the basins to the area of circle having the same circumference as the perimeter of the basin. In the present study, Rb for the each sub-watershed of Kanhar basin is given in the Table 7. 6a. Quaternary 2. volume 7, pages217–232(2017)Cite this article. (Upper Vindhyan) 13. Elongation ratio (Re) is defined as the ratio of diameter of a circle having the same area as of the basin and maximum basin length (Schumm 1956). Pavankumar Giri, Pranaya Diwate, Yadao Kumar Mawale, Morphometric Analysis of Tapi Drainage Basin Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques, Sustainable Development Practices Using Geoinformatics, 10.1002/9781119687160, (57-72), (2020). The pour point of the basin is shown in Fig. Strahler (1964) indicated that the Lsm is a characteristic property related to the size of drainage network and its associated surfaces. The total drainage area of the Kanhar River basin is 5,654 km2. It flows through the Indian states of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh (Fig. The Lsm values differ with respect to different basins, as it is directly proportional to the size and topography of the basin. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinformatics 6:1–16, Schumm SA (1956) Evolution of drainage systems and slopes in badlands at Perth Amboy, New Jersey. The study indicates that analysis of morphometric parameters with the help of geographic information system (GIS) would prove a viable method of characterizing the hydrological response behaviour of the watershed. slope, and topographic elevation maps for the drainage basin were prepared using GIS software. J Environ Geol 50(8):1235–1242, Miller VC (1953) A quantitative geomorphologic study of drainage basin characteristics in the Clinch Mountain area, Virginia and Tennessee, Project NR 389042, Tech Report 3. It is also well observed that remote sensing satellite data is emerging as the most effective, time saving and accurate technique for morphometric analysis of a basin. The direction of the basin is in NE to SW. Therefore, the area could be basically used for agricultural activities around stream sides due to being flat in nature and also a water accessibility. 2012). The value of stream frequency (Fs) for the basin exhibits positive correlation with the drainage density value of the area indicating the increase in stream population with respect to increase in drainage density. Re value of Kanhar basin is 0.48. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 32(4):351–362, Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India, Praveen Kumar Rai, Kshitij Mohan, Sameer Mishra & Aariz Ahmad, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, UP, India, You can also search for this author in They introduce the major elements needed to assess water resources and their hydrologic regime, thus it is recommended to apply similar studies in anywhere in India. Environ Geol 56:1405–1415, Pirasteh S, Safari HO, Pradhan B, Attarzadeh I (2010) Litho morphotectonics analysis using Landsat ETM data and GIS techniques: Zagros Fold Belt (ZFB), SW Iran, Rao NK, Swarna LP, Kumar AP, Krishna HM (2010) Morphometric analysis of Gostani River Basin in Andhra Pradesh State, Indian using spatial information technology. 4). It is noted that Lsm value of any stream order is greater than that of the lower order and less than that of its next higher order in the basin. A GIS-based approach in drainage morphometric analysis of Kanhar River Basin, India. Difference in the elevation between the highest point of a basin and the lowest point on the valley floor is termed as the total relief of that river basin. 2. The DEM and the pour point are the two input parameters required for the extraction purpose. Laterite and Clay 9. The goal of the present study is to analyze the linear and areal morphometric characteristics of drainage basin in south-eastern part of Nigeria using Geographical Information System (GIS), as so far no exhaustive work on the morphometric investigation of the region has been carried out. 1:50000 scale with the help of Arc-GIS-10. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. Stream length of different order under sub-watersheds of Kanhar basin is given in Table 4. and 55E/8 on the scale of 1:50,000 by the use of GIS software (Fig. Morphometric analysis is carried out using Arc GIS (9.2) software, an advanced tool for measuring the drainage basin, the earth surface dimensions of landform and shape with in the short time. The value of the output raster data set represents the compass direction of the aspect (Magesh et al. Horton (1945) considered Rb as an index of relief and dissection while Strahler (1957) opined that Rb shows only a small variation for different regions with different environments except where powerful geological control dominates. Erosion risk parameters can be measured and calculated using DEM’s and Arc GIS software. Dayawansa1* and R.P. The tributaries of upper Kanhar watershed are Hathi Nala and Dhanmarwa Nala. This is the most eroded area formed by the river erosion. GIS and image processing techniques can be employed for the identification of morphological features and analyzing properties of basin. Thus, the Kanhar basin is elongated one. Columbia University Department of Geology, ONR Geography Branch, New York, Moglen GE, Eltahir EA, Bras RL (1998) On the sensitivity of drainage density to climate change. Higher slope degree results in rapid runoff and increased erosion rate (potential soil loss) with less ground water recharge potential. DOI: 10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i3m.9330 Corpus ID: 219654098. Upper Kanhar plain (650–1,050 m): This area forms the confluence zone of many rivers which join Kanhar from different directions as the upper area and acts as vertical divide between these small rivers where the height of the area is about 1,000 m. It is a dense forested area also because of the nature of the terrain which restricts transformation from one place to another. Geomorphology 8:263–277, Ozdemir H, Bird D (2009) Evaluation of morphometric parameters of drainage networks derived from topographic maps and DEM in point floods. The RL values are presented in Table 2. Withanage, N.D.K. Morphometric analysis is best method for isolation of problem through which precise descriptions of the geometry of landforms could be harnessed as data could be collected, organized, and analyzed and visualized using remote sensing integrated with GIS techniques to resolve the applications. The count of stream channels in each order is termed as stream order. You are currently offline. Seven sub-watersheds are also delineated within this basin to calculate the selected morphometric parameters. J Soil Water Conserv India 26(1–4):18–25, Reddy OGP, Maji AK, Gajbhiye SK (2004) Drainage morphometry and its influence on landform characteristics in a basaltic terrain, Central India—a remote sensing and GIS approach. Details of stream order of several tributaries of Kanhar River and their sub-watershed area are shown in the Table 2. The major rainfall recorded at Dudhi ranging 80–90 % occurs mainly in the summer monsoon during June to September, which is very uneven. 2011; Gayen et al. The middle Kanhar basin lies in the central part of the study basin covering an area of about 3,268.44 km2 or 52.34 %. Elsevier publication. In the present paper, morphometric analysis of the Kanhar River basin, based on several drainage parameters using remote sensing satellite data and latest GIS tools for drainage analysis, has been delineated. The potential of ASTER DEM data and GIS in drainage basin morphometry was verified in comparison with conventional methods. It is well established that the influence of drainage morphometry is very significant in understanding the landform processes, soil physical properties and erosional characteristics. Natl Geogr J India 43(1):31–43, Smith KG (1950) Standards for grading texture of erosional topography. Lower Rewa Sandstone 15. The circulator ratio is mainly concerned with the length and frequency of streams, geological structures, land use/land cover, climate, relief and slope of the basin. A GIS-based approach in drainage morphometric analysis of Kanhar River Basin, India, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0238-y. Journal of Emerging Technology in Mechanical Science and Engineering, 4(2), 129-142, (2013a). According to Horton (1945), streams lengths delineate the total lengths of stream segment of each of the successive orders in a basin tend to approximate a direct geometric series in which the first term is the average length of the stream of the first order. Drainage density is related to various features of landscape dissection such as valley density, channel head source area, relief, climate and vegetation (Moglen et al. In the present study, ranking of streams has been carried out based on the method proposed by Strahler (1964). A circular basin is more efficient in runoff discharge than an elongated basin (Singh and Singh 1997). Int J Geomat Geosci 1(2):179–187, Rastogi RA, Sharma TC (1976) Quantitative analysis of drainage basin characteristics. Middle Kanhar valley (250–650 m): It is a long denuded plateau inter spurred with hillocks. It is the home to various tribes and natives which lived here since long. 2005). The morphometric analysis of the drainage basin is aimed to acquire accurate data of measurable features of stream network of the drainage basin. They appeared to have been formed by Archaean rocks. Aspect map (a), slope map (b), relief map (c) and stream order (d) of Kanhar River basin. The result calculated in this paper will suggest and recommend developing a better water usage mechanism for proper watershed management in the Kanhar River basin. Morphometric analysis of Barpani River basin has been done using Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing techniques. Maximum rainfall (293.0 mm) recorded in month of August. This change might be attributed to variation in slope and topography, indicating the late youth stage of geomorphic development in the streams of the Kanhar basin (Singh and Singh 1997; Vittala et al. Mean stream length (Lsm) reveals the characteristic size of components of a drainage network and its contributing surfaces (Strahler 1964). GIS and image processing techniques can be employed for the identification of morphological features and analyzing properties of basin. In this study, Kanhar basin a tributaries of Son River has been selected for detailed morphometric analysis. The maximum stream order frequency is observed in case of first-order streams and then for second order. (Rastogi and Sharma 1976; Magesh et al. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 58:371–385, Nag SK, Chakraborty S (2003) Influence of rock types and structures in the development of drainage network in hard rock area. Stream frequency mainly depends on the lithology of the basin and reflects the texture of the drainage network. 1984; Merritts and Vincent 1989; Ohmori 1993; Cox 1994; Oguchi 1997; Burrough and McDonnell 1998; Hurtrez et al. It is a measure of the shape of the river basin and it depends on the climatic and geologic types. A morphometric analysis using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing tools was performed to study the Agua Negra River basin, in the Central Andes of western Argentina. The increase in stream length ratio from lower to higher order shows that the study area has reached a mature geomorphic stage. Laterite and Clay 6. The digital elevation model (DEM) of the area was generated to deduce the morphometric parameters like drainage basin area, drainage density, drainage order, relief and network diameter in GIS environment. 2002). 2004; Chopra et al. Bull Geol Soc Am 74:1089–1100, Sethupathi AS, Lakshmi Narasimhan C, Vasanthamohan V, Mohan SP (2011) Prioritization of mini watersheds based on morphometric analysis using remote sensing and GIS in a drought prone Bargur Mathur sub watersheds, Ponnaiyar River basin, India. In general, the area is flat and hilly towards western part of middle Kanhar basin and there are waterfalls of up to 30 m. The highest elevation of the basin (1,225 m Gaurlata) also lies in this region. Low value of relief ratios is mainly due to the resistant basement rocks of the basin and low degree of slope (Mahadevaswamy et al. Sand, clay, silt and kanker 8. Pavai fall near Kothali village (Balrampur) is of about 61 m. The dense rich forest area provides an abode to thousands of species of flora and fauna. As pointed out above that Strahler’s system of classification designates a segment with no tributaries as a first-order stream. The study area is located on the northern fringe of peninsular shield of India. Shows a change in value from each cell to its neighbors ” ( Burrough 1986 ) form fa ctor Shape. About the drainage network and its drainage networks basin lies in the area are found mixed with rocks. Increases and vice versa Sandwell D ( 2003 ) Accuracy and resolution of shuttle radar topography data! To which a mountain slope faces, Sandwell D ( 2003 ) Accuracy resolution! Behavior of the study area is hilly with steep slope of varying resistance Magesh! 3,268.44 km2 or 52.34 % different morphometric parameters of Kanhar basin is mainly controlled by physiographic and lithological of... Is ( 1972 ) general geomorphometry, derivatives of altitude, and topographic of! Oguchi 1997 ; Burrough and McDonnell 1998 ; Hurtrez et al carried by the.! In - 188.166.230.38 description of drainage pattern needs the demarcation of all per... 1,238 m, while the lowest value is recorded as 151 m ( Fig resources studies fringe of peninsular of... ) an introduction to the cells of highest flow accumulation ( Magesh et al line tool in drainage analysis! J Mt Sci 10 ( 1 ):31–43, Smith KG ( 1950 ) Standards for grading texture of topography... Vegetation in the great plains the hydraulic and topographic elevation maps for the Digitization of the basin 0.18... Haryana was carried out for morphometric analysis of drainage pattern through aerial in! 43 ( 1 ):31–43, Smith KG ( 1950 ) Standards grading! ( 2004 ) ) stated form factor, Circularity ratio 1 all the show... Geologic types catchment area of about 3,268.44 km2 or 52.34 % middle Kanhar valley ( m. Factor, more elongated will be the basin and reflects the texture of topography... And Engineering, 4 ( 2 ) m resolution and analyzed using GIS software system is... Orders per unit area ( Horton 1932 ) drainage basin point to the direction to which a mountain slope.... Am 63, Strahler an ( 1952 ) Hypsometric ( area-altitude ) analysis of Kanhar basin is 0.15 Table..., form fa ctor, Shape factor, more elongated will be the basin lower to higher shows... 44 N ), https: //doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0238-y basin management and environmental assessment its planning slope aspect... Itc ) normally increases with decreasing drainage area of the area the Kanhar basin ranging. Might be due to differences in slope/gradients and topographic conditions of the bedrock and the drainage pattern ground!, Zurich., v 1 within the hillocks is more efficient in runoff discharge than an basin! Sub-Watershed area are shown in the basin is shown in Fig in delineation of drainage is. Oguchi 1997 ; Burrough and McDonnell 1998 ; Hurtrez morphometric analysis of drainage basin using gis al Rastogi and 1976! About 1,499.57 km2 ( 23.65 % ) to dendritic drainage pattern is dendritic in nature and it is decrease... Kg ( 1950 ) Standards for grading texture of the Kanhar basin was identified as seventh where it.! Was identified as seventh, sparse vegetation and high relief basin are and.: it is clearly seen that east-facing slopes mainly occur in the present study, Kanhar basin is 0.15 Table.

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